Subject Verb Agreement

 

Subject–Verb Agreement is an important rule of English grammar which tells that the verb must agree with the subject in number and person. Using the correct verb makes our sentences grammatically correct and easy to understand.

Rule 1: A singular subject takes a singular verb.

Structure: Singular Subject + Singular Verb

Examples:

• The teacher explains the lesson.
• Riya is writing an essay.
• He has submitted his notebook.

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Rule 2: A plural subject takes a plural verb.

Structure: Plural Subject + Plural Verb

Examples:

• The students play football.
• Birds are flying in the sky.
• My friends have given me birthday gift.

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Rule 3: Two or more subjects joined by ‘and’ usually take a plural verb.

Examples:

• Rohan and Mohan have got the medals.
• English and Science are important subjects.
• The Principal and the teachers welcome the guests.

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Rule 4: If two nouns joined by 'and' refer to the same person or thing, use a singular verb.

Examples:

• My friend and guide is Mrs. Sharma.
• Bread and butter is my favourite breakfast.

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Rule 5: Subjects joined by 'or, nor, either...or, neither...nor' take the verb according to the subject nearest to it.

Examples:

• Either the teacher or the students are responsible.
• Either the students or the teacher is responsible.
• Neither Riya nor her friends have arrived.

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Rule 6: Words between the subject and the verb do not change the verb.

Examples:

• The bouquet of flowers is beautiful.
• The quality of these books is excellent.
• The captain, along with his team, was ready.

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Rule 7: 'Each, Every, Everyone, Everybody, Someone, Anyone, Nobody, Everybody' take a singular verb.

Examples:

• Everyone likes holidays.
• Each student has a notebook.
• Nobody is watching the TV.

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Rule 8: 'Some, Many, Several, Few, Both' take a plural verb.

Examples:

• Many students participate in sports.
• Several books are missing.
• Both girls have won prizes.

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Rule 9: Collective nouns usually take a singular verb when the group acts as one unit.

Examples:

• The class is silent.
• The team has won the match.
• The jury has announced its decision.

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Rule 10: 'There is / There are' depends on the noun that follows.

Examples:

• There is a library in our school.
• There are many computers in the lab.
• There are two teachers in the room.

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Rule 11: Uncountable nouns take a singular verb.

Examples:

• Water is essential for life.
• Furniture is expensive.
• Information was useful.

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Rule 12: Titles of books, newspapers, films and subjects take a singular verb.

Examples:

• The Ramayana is an epic.
• Mathematics is my favourite subject.
• The Hindu is published daily.

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Rule 13: Amounts of money, distance and time are treated as singular when considered as one unit.

Examples:

• Five kilometres is a long walk.
• Ten thousand rupees is a large amount.
• Two hours is enough for the test.

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Rule 14: Plural nouns that name one thing take a singular verb.

Examples:

• News is interesting.
• Measles has spread in the area.
• Physics is an important subject.

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Rule 15: 'A number of' takes a plural verb, but 'The number of' takes a singular verb.

Examples:

• A number of students have participated.
• The number of students is increasing.
• A number of books were donated.

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Quick Summary

Subject	Verb
Singular noun	Singular verb
Plural noun	Plural verb
A and B	Plural verb
Either...or / Neither...nor	Verb agrees with the nearest subject
Each, Every, Everyone, Somebody	Singular verb
Many, Few, Several, Both	Plural verb
Collective noun (one unit)	Singular verb
There is / There are	According to the following noun
Uncountable noun	Singular verb
A number of	Plural verb
The number of	Singular verb

 

GRAMMAR

 

Exercise 1: Tenses

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb given in brackets.

1. Every Monday, our Science teacher _________ the experiments before the students perform them. (demonstrate)
2. The students of our class _________ a model of the solar system in the Science Lab when the Principal arrived. (prepare)
3. By the time the morning assembly begins tomorrow, the Music Club _________ the instruments. (arrange)
4. Our English teacher _________ the poem while the students listened carefully yesterday. (explain)
5. Riya _________ her Mathematics homework before she joined the Art Club activity yesterday. (complete)
6. The school bus _________ before Rahul reached the school gate this morning. (leave)
7. The Geography teacher _________ about climate change since the beginning of this week. (teach)
8. Look! The librarian _________ new books on the shelves. (arrange)
9. We _________ our Annual Day programme for the last two weeks. (practise)
10. If you revise your lessons regularly, you _________ better marks in the final examination. (score)

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Exercise 2: Subject Verb Agreement

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb given in brackets.

1. Every student in our class ________ a school diary. (have)

2. Neither the Principal nor the teachers ________ present at the seminar yesterday. (be)

3. A number of students ________ for the quiz competition every year. (volunteer)

4. The number of books in our library ________ increased this session. (have)

5. Either the monitor or the players ________ responsible for arranging the sports equipment. (be)

6. The bouquet of flowers ________ on the teacher's table yesterday. (be)

7. Everyone ________ excited before the Annual Day programme. (feel)

8. There ________ many charts on the classroom walls. (be)

9. Bread and butter ________ my favourite breakfast. (be)

10. Five kilometres ________ a long distance for young children to walk. (be)

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Exercise 3: Subject Verb Agreement

Editing

The following paragraph contains some errors in subject–verb agreement. However, not every verb is incorrect. Find and correct only the incorrect verbs. Rewrite the paragraph.

Our class is preparing for the Science Exhibition. Every student have an important role to play. The teachers guides us whenever we need help. A number of models are almost ready. The number of working models have increased this year. Neither the Principal nor the teachers was available in the morning, so we waited patiently. There are a large model near the entrance. Everyone is excited because the exhibition begins tomorrow. The team works together and the preparations are going smoothly.

(Some verbs are already correct. Correct only the incorrect ones.)

The Case of the Fifth Word

By Donald J. Sobol

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. Nolan and Davenport were very close. Support this statement with evidence from the text.
Nolan and Davenport trusted each other completely and worked together closely. Their friendship became clear through their secret plans and coded communication during the investigation.

2. Why did Davenport disappear right after the jewellery hold-up? What might his plans have been if Nolan had not died?
Davenport disappeared to avoid being caught by the police. If Nolan had survived, they would probably have shared the stolen jewellery and escaped together.

3. What does Mrs. Brown's interest in the case tell us about her?
Mrs. Brown was curious, observant and intelligent. She listened carefully to the discussions and showed a keen interest in solving the mystery.

4. Explain why Chief Brown was proud of his son.
Chief Brown was proud because his son used his intelligence, observation and reasoning to solve an important case. His confidence and patience helped uncover the truth.

5. Why were Chief Brown's suspicions regarding Nolan and Davenport justified, even when there was a lack of concrete proof?
Chief Brown carefully studied their behaviour and found it suspicious. Though he lacked proof, his experience and logical thinking made him suspect their involvement.

6. Analyse the role of the four-word coded message in the story.
The four-word coded message became the most important clue in the mystery. It helped connect different events and finally revealed the truth behind the crime.

7. Write a character sketch on Leroy with the help of the character traits table given in 'Let us discuss' section.
Encyclopedia was a knowledgeable eighth grader who never forgot a fact that he read. Leroy was intelligent, observant and confident. He carefully examined every clue before reaching a conclusion. He remained calm during difficult situations and believed in logical thinking instead of guesswork. His sharp memory and problem-solving skills helped solve the mystery successfully. Leroy was also honest and determined. He never gave up until he discovered the truth. His courage and presence of mind earned the respect of others. He proved that patience, careful observation and intelligence are the qualities of a good detective.

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTION

1. Why is logical thinking more useful than making quick judgments? Explain with reference to the story.

The characters who solved the case depended on facts rather than assumptions. They carefully examined the clues, discussed different possibilities and reached conclusions only after proper reasoning. This method helped them identify the real criminals and solve the mystery successfully.

Quick judgments often lead to mistakes because they are based on incomplete information. Logical thinking helps people understand situations correctly and make fair decisions. Students can apply this lesson in their studies and daily life by checking facts before forming opinions. The chapter teaches that patience, reasoning and observation are better guides than emotions or guesswork. These qualities help people solve problems confidently and wisely.

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LETS WRITE

Report Writing

Inter-School Art Exhibition Organized

By Mahima, Member, Art and Craft Club

An Inter-School Art Exhibition was organised by our school on 15 August 20XX in the school auditorium. Students from twelve nearby schools participated in the event. The exhibition was inaugurated by the District Education Officer in the presence of the Principal, teachers and invited guests.

The exhibition displayed a wide variety of paintings, sketches, clay models and craft items based on themes such as Nature, Indian Culture, Wildlife Conservation and Save the Environment. The participants explained their artwork with confidence and creativity. Visitors appreciated the originality and artistic skills shown by the students. A panel of experienced artists judged the exhibits and selected the best entries for prizes.

The programme concluded with the prize distribution ceremony. The Principal congratulated all the participants and encouraged them to continue developing their artistic talents. The exhibition was a grand success and provided students with an excellent opportunity to showcase their creativity and learn from one another.

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PRACTICE QUESTIONS

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. Why was careful observation more important than luck in solving the mystery?

2. What qualities helped Leroy solve the case successfully?

3. What lesson does the story teach about solving difficult problems?

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. The story shows that even a small clue can solve a big mystery. Explain how this idea is developed in the chapter.

2. Do you think teamwork played an important role in solving the case? Give reasons to support your answer.

REPORT WRITING QUESTIONS

1. As a member of the Road Safety Club, write a report on a Road Safety Awareness Programme organised in your school with the help of the local Traffic Police.

Include:

• Date, time and venue

• Chief guest

• Activities conducted

• Response of students

• Overall outcome

2. As a member of the Eco Club, write a report on a Cleanliness Drive organised in your school and the nearby locality.

Include:

• Purpose of the drive

• Activities undertaken

• Participation of students

• Public response

• Conclusion

3. As the Sports Captain of your school, write a report on the Annual Sports Day celebration.

Include:

• Date and venue

• Events conducted

• Chief guest

• Prize distribution

• Highlights of the programme

4. As a member of the Literary Club, write a report on a Book Fair organised by your school.

Include:

• Date and venue

• Participating publishers

• Students' response

• Important attractions

• Conclusion

5. As a member of the Science Club, write a report on an Educational Visit to a Science Museum organized by your school.

Include:

• Date and place of visit

• Number of students

• Important exhibits

• Learning experience

• Overall benefit of the visit

Verghese Kurien – I Too Had A Dream

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. What event does Dr. Kurien refer to when he mentions receiving the Padma Vibhushan?
Dr. Kurien refers to the award ceremony in Delhi where the President honoured him with the Padma Vibhushan. His grandson proudly wore the medal around his neck.

2. How did Dr. Kurien's decision to join the cooperative in Anand affect his life?
Joining the cooperative in Anand changed Dr. Kurien's life completely. It gave him a chance to serve milk farmers and made him a respected leader of the White Revolution.

3. Dr. Kurien's decision to work in Anand reveals his values and sense of duty. Explain.
Dr. Kurien chose service over personal comfort. He worked honestly for poor farmers and remained committed to improving their lives through hard work and cooperation.

4. Why did Dr. Kurien write the letter to his grandson?
Dr. Kurien wrote the letter to inspire his grandson to earn success through hard work, serve society selflessly and make meaningful contributions to the country.

5. According to Dr. Kurien, "Life is a privilege and it is wrong to waste it." What is your opinion on this?
I agree with Dr. Kurien. Life is precious and should be used wisely. We should work sincerely, help others and make our lives useful for society.

6. What message does Dr. Kurien want to convey about selfless service and its long-term impact on society?
Dr. Kurien believes that selfless service improves many lives. Honest work for others creates lasting benefits and helps build a stronger, happier and more caring society.

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LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTION

1. "Dreams become meaningful only when they are supported by hard work and commitment." Explain this statement with reference to Dr. Kurien's life.

Answer: Dr. Kurien had a dream of improving the lives of milk farmers. However, he knew that dreams alone could not bring success. He worked with determination, remained committed to his mission and faced many challenges with courage. His efforts finally led to the White Revolution, which transformed India's dairy industry.

The chapter teaches that every dream requires patience, discipline and continuous effort. Students should not give up when they face difficulties. Instead, they should learn from challenges and keep working towards their goals. Dr. Kurien's life shows that people who combine dreams with hard work can bring positive change to society and inspire others to do the same.

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LETS WRITE

Informal Letter

45, Green Park

Jaipur

15 August 20XX

Dear Grandparents,

I hope both of you are healthy and happy. I am writing this letter to thank you for the valuable lessons you have taught me. Your stories about honesty, kindness and hard work have always inspired me. I have learnt from you that helping others is one of the greatest duties in life. I also admire the way you care for neighbours and always support people in need.

Your words and actions have shaped my values and behaviour. I have become more respectful, responsible and patient because of your guidance. Whenever I face a problem, I remember your advice and try to make the right decision. I also feel encouraged to help my classmates and take part in social activities. Thank you for being my greatest teachers. I will always follow the values you have given me and make you proud.

Yours lovingly,
ABC

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QUESTIONS FOR PRACTICE

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. Why did Dr. Kurien believe that real success comes through service to others?

2. What does Dr. Kurien expect young people to do for the country?

3. Why does Dr. Kurien ask his grandson to earn his own rewards?

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. Dr. Kurien believed that awards are meaningful only when they are earned through service. Do you agree? Give reasons with examples from the chapter.

2. How does Dr. Kurien's life inspire young people to become responsible citizens?

INFORMAL LETTER WRITING QUESTIONS

1. Your friend has secured first position in an inter-school quiz competition. Write a letter congratulating your friend and encouraging him/her to continue working hard.

2. Your cousin is spending too much time on mobile games. Write a letter advising him/her to balance studies, outdoor games and screen time.

3. You recently visited a historical monument with your school. Write a letter describing your visit and the important things you learnt there.

4. Your school celebrated Van Mahotsav with a tree plantation drive. Write a letter to your friend describing the programme and explaining why planting trees is important.

5. You have recently joined a new school. Write a letter describing your first week, your teachers, classmates and the activities you enjoyed.

Wisdom Paves the Way

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. What does the dusty road leading to Ujjain tell us about the challenges of the young men's journey?

The dusty road shows that the journey was long and difficult. The four young men travelled with patience and carefully observed everything around them.

2. Why did the merchant become suspicious of the four men? What does this tell us about him?

The merchant became suspicious because the young men described his missing camel without seeing it. This shows that he was worried, quick to judge and anxious.

3. How do the four young men's observations about the camel serve as a turning point in the play?

Their accurate observations made the merchant accuse them of stealing the camel. This led them to the king's court, where their wisdom was finally recognised.

4. Why did the King believe the four young men and not the merchant?

The King listened carefully to both sides. The young men clearly explained how they reached their conclusions, so the King trusted their honesty and intelligence.

5. How does the capability of the four young men make them suitable to become advisors?

The four young men were intelligent, observant and logical. They noticed small details, thought carefully and made correct conclusions, making them suitable advisors.

6. Why does the merchant feel ashamed for accusing the four young men of stealing his camel? Explain in your own words.

The merchant realised that the young men were innocent and truthful. He felt ashamed because he had wrongly accused them without knowing the complete truth.

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTION

1. The King rewarded the four young men by making them his advisors. Do you think this was the right decision? Give reasons to support your answer.

Answer: Yes, the King made the right decision. The four young men showed intelligence, sharp observation and logical thinking. They correctly described the missing camel by carefully studying the clues on the road. They remained calm even when they were wrongly accused and explained their ideas clearly before the King.

A good advisor should be honest, wise and able to solve problems. The four young men possessed all these qualities. They did not depend on luck but on careful reasoning. Such people can help a ruler make fair and sensible decisions. By choosing them as advisors, the King rewarded talent and wisdom. The story teaches that true ability and good character should always be recognized and appreciated.

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LETS WRITE

Letter of Complaint

45, Shanti Nagar

Bhopal – 462001

15 August 20XX

The Commissioner

Municipal Corporation

Bhopal

Subject: Complaint regarding the poor condition of the kutcha road

Sir/Madam,

I am a resident of Shanti Nagar. I wish to draw your attention to the poor condition of the kutcha road leading to our colony. Due to heavy rains, the road has developed many deep potholes. These potholes are filled with stagnant water, making it difficult for people to walk or drive safely. Many cyclists and two-wheeler riders have already met with minor accidents.

The stagnant water has also become a breeding ground for mosquitoes, increasing the risk of diseases such as dengue and malaria. School children, elderly people and office-goers face great inconvenience every day.

I request you to repair the road at the earliest and ensure proper drainage to prevent waterlogging. I hope the Municipal Corporation will take immediate action.

Yours faithfully,
ABC

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QUESTIONS FOR PRACTICE

Short Answer Type Questions

1. Why did the four young men pay close attention to the things they saw on the road?

2. What qualities of a good ruler are shown by the King in the play?

3. What lesson does the play teach about making decisions?

Long Answer Type Questions 

1. The play shows that careful observation is a valuable life skill. How do the four young men prove this through their actions? What lesson can students learn from them?

2. Why is it important to avoid judging people without knowing the complete truth? Explain with reference to the play.

Letter of Complaint Questions

1. You have noticed that most of the streetlights in your locality have not been working for the past two weeks. This has made the area unsafe at night.
Write a letter of complaint to the Commissioner, Municipal Corporation, requesting immediate repair of the streetlights.

2. Garbage has not been collected regularly from your colony. The overflowing dustbins are creating a foul smell and attracting stray animals.
Write a letter of complaint to the Commissioner, Municipal Corporation, requesting regular garbage collection and proper sanitation.

3. The drinking water supplied to your locality has been muddy and has an unpleasant smell for the last few days. Many residents have fallen ill.
Write a letter of complaint to the Executive Engineer, Water Supply Department, requesting immediate action to ensure clean drinking water.

4. A banquet hall near your house plays loud music late into the night during functions. Students and elderly people are unable to study or sleep peacefully.
Write a letter of complaint to the Station House Officer (SHO) of the local police station, requesting action against noise pollution.

5. The swings, benches and walking track in the public park of your colony are damaged. Children and senior citizens are unable to use the park safely.
Write a letter of complaint to the Commissioner, Municipal Corporation, requesting immediate repair and proper maintenance of the park.