Definition:
Transformation of Sentences means changing the form or structure of
a sentence without changing its meaning. It enables a writer or speaker to
express the same idea in different ways, improving variety, clarity, and
fluency in language.
Purpose:
By learning different transformations, students understand how grammatical
structures work and how meaning is preserved even when word order or form
changes.
Major Types of Transformation:
- Changing
the Voice – Active ↔ Passive
- Changing
the Degree of Comparison – Positive, Comparative, Superlative
- Changing
the Sentence Type – Affirmative, Negative, Interrogative,
Exclamatory, Imperative
- Using
Gerund, Infinitive, and Participle – verb form transformations
- Changing
Parts of Speech – noun ↔ verb ↔ adjective ↔ adverb
- Interchange
of Clauses and Phrases – clause ↔ phrase forms
- Combining
and Splitting Sentences – synthesis and breaking
- Changing
Sentence Forms – simple, compound, complex
Example:
He is not a fool. (Affirmative)
He is wise.
Isn’t this a pleasant day? (Assertive)
This is a pleasant day.
This road is longer than that one. (Positive)
That road is not as long as this one.
No other mountain is as high as Mount Everest. (Superlative)
Mount Everest is the highest mountain.
He worked hard and succeeded. (Compound)
Because he worked hard, he succeeded. (Complex)
1. Changing the Voice
She writes a letter. (Change into Passive)
A letter is written by her.
The thief was arrested by the police. (Change into
Active)
The police arrested the thief.
Someone has stolen my pen. (Change into Passive)
My pen has been stolen.
The work will be completed by them. (Change into
Active)
They will complete the work.
The song is sung by Jenny. (Change into Active)
Jenny sings the song.
2. Interchange of Sentence Type
(Affirmative ↔ Negative ↔ Interrogative ↔ Exclamatory ↔
Assertive ↔ Imperative)
(a) Affirmative ↔ Negative
He is clever. (Negative)
He is not foolish.
Everybody loves him. (Negative)
Nobody hates him.
I always remember you. (Negative)
I never forget you.
It is possible. (Negative)
It is not impossible.
She seldom cooks. (Affirmative)
She often cooks.
(b) Assertive ↔ Interrogative
He can drive a car. (Interrogative)
Can he drive a car?
Nobody can move this rock. (Interrogative)
Can anybody move this rock?
This is the best option. (Interrogative)
Is there any better option?
You are coming with me. (Interrogative - negative
form)
Are you not coming with me?
Life is pleasant. (Interrogative)
Isn’t life pleasant?
(c) Exclamatory ↔ Assertive
What a beautiful view it is! (Assertive)
It is a very beautiful view.
How fast he runs! (Assertive)
He runs very fast.
Alas! We lost the match. (Assertive)
It is sad that we lost the match.
Hurrah! We have succeeded. (Assertive)
We are very happy that we have succeeded.
What a fool I was to believe him! (Assertive)
I was very foolish to believe him.
(d) Imperative ↔ Assertive/Interrogative
Please sit down. (Assertive - showing request)
You are requested to sit down.
Never waste time. (Assertive - give advice)
You should not waste time.
Let us go for a walk. (Interrogative)
Shall we go for a walk?
Be honest. (Assertive with modal)
You must be honest.
Work hard to win. (Assertive - conditional)
If you want to win, work hard.
3. Interchange of Parts of Speech
She has intelligence. (Use adjective form)
She is intelligent.
He spoke wisely. (Use noun form)
He gave a wise speech.
Her face shows kindness. (Use adjective form)
She is kind.
We should act with courage. (Use adjective form)
We should be courageous.
He proved his ability. (Use clause form)
He proved that he was able.
4. Interchange of Degrees of
Comparison
Mount Everest is the highest peak
in the world. (Positive)
No other peak in the world is as high as Mount Everest.
No other river in India is as long
as the Ganga. (Comparative)
The Ganga is longer than any other river in India.
Silver is more useful than
gold. (Positive)
Gold is not as useful as silver.
This pen is better than that
one. (Superlative)
This is the best pen.
Very few cities are as large as
Mumbai. (Comparative)
Mumbai is larger than most other cities.
The peacock is the most beautiful
bird. (Positive)
No other bird is as beautiful as the peacock.
Iron is more useful than many other
metals. (Superlative)
Iron is one of the most useful metals.
Chennai is hotter than
Kolkata. (Positive)
Kolkata is not as hot as Chennai.
This was one of the most exciting
matches. (Comparative)
This match was more exciting than most other matches.
No other player in our team is as
skilled as Rohit. (Superlative)
Rohit is the most skilled player in our team.
5. Gerund
Reading good books is beneficial.
He admitted that he had stolen the money. (Gerund – Perfect)
He admitted having stolen the money.
She likes to be praised. (Gerund – Passive)
She likes being praised.
I remember that I met him last year. (Gerund – Perfect)
I remember having met him last year.
The idea of that he has succeeded surprised us. (Gerund – Possessive use)
His having succeeded surprised us.
6.
Infinitive
He wants to succeed.
It is pleasant that he is working in the garden. (Continuous Infinitive)
It is pleasant to be working in the garden.
She hoped that she had done well in the exam. (Perfect Infinitive)
She hoped to have done well in the exam.
He seems that he has been waiting for hours. (Perfect Continuous Infinitive)
He seems to have been waiting for hours.
7. Participle
Seeing the snake, the boy ran away.
The work done by the students was appreciated. (Past participle)
The completed work was appreciated.
After he had finished the meal, he went for a walk. (Perfect participle)
Having finished the meal, he went for a walk.
He was tired, so he went to bed. (Participial phrase)
Being tired, he went to bed.
Because he had failed once, he worked harder next time. (Perfect participle)
Having failed once, he worked harder next time.
8. Interchange of Clauses and Phrases
The girl who is dancing is my sister. (Phrase)
The dancing girl is my sister.
The boy sitting under the tree is my friend. (Clause)
The boy who sits under the tree is my friend.
Because he was ill, he stayed at home. (Phrase)
Owing to his illness, he stayed at home.
Although he was rich, he was unhappy. (Phrase)
In spite of being rich, he was unhappy.
When he saw the snake, he ran away. (Phrase)
On seeing the snake, he ran away.
9. Combining and Splitting of Sentences
He finished his work. He went to play. (Gerund)
After finishing his work, he went to play.
He worked hard. He succeeded. (Compound)
He worked hard and succeeded.
He was poor. He was honest. (Complex - concessive
clause)
Though he was poor, he was honest.
He opened the door. He went out. (Participle)
Opening the door, he went out.
Though he tried, he failed. (Split into two simple
sentences)
He tried. Still, he failed.
10. Interchange of Simple, Complex, and Compound Sentences
Simple → Complex
On seeing the teacher, he stood up. (Complex)
When he saw the teacher, he stood up.
Because of his laziness, he failed. (Complex)
As he was lazy, he failed.
To get success, you must work hard. (Complex)
If you wish to get success, you must work hard.
In spite of his illness, he came to school. (Complex)
Though he was ill, he came to school.
Owing to heavy rain, the match was canceled. (Complex)
Because it rained heavily, the match was canceled.
Complex → Compound
If you work hard, you will win. (Compound)
Work hard and you will win.
Although he is rich, he is unhappy. (Compound)
He is rich but he is unhappy.
He worked hard that he might succeed. (Compound)
He worked hard and succeeded.
Since it was late, he missed the bus. (Compound)
It was late, so he missed the bus.
When the bell rang, we left the class. (Compound)
The bell rang and we left the class.
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